Alkaloid content and taste profile assessed by electronic tongue of Lupinus albus seeds debittered by different methods

Lupin seeds are rich in proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds, but before consumption must be debittered to remove toxic alkaloids. Traditionally, debittering is a water-intensive protracted process, lasting up six days. To develop more efficient procedure, different washing solutions (0.5% 1% NaCl or citric acid), with without the use of ultrasound, were applied on Lupinus albus compared two control methods, first water second sodium chloride solution. The sonication did not accelerate debittering, while acid significantly shortened time, reduced decreased alkaloid content commercial values (0.31–1.03 g/kg dry matter). Debittering solution saved 88 h 65 L water/kg lupin method, 13 31 salt method. electronic tongue grouped experimental samples well-defined clusters; bitter umami tastes main factors, well correlated content. proposed either chloride, could easily adopted by industry reduce time costs debittering.